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Essential oils have long been used by athletic trainers and sports massage therapists to support the health and performance of their athletes. Aromatherapy massage is used both pre-and post workout and competition, to improve performance, speed recovery, and lessen chance of injury. Many ointments and lotions for sore muscles include essential oils and essential oil extracts (e.g. ‘Tiger Balm’, ‘Ben Gay’, etc). Modern medical aromatherapy literature describes the use of oils to even speed the healing of both chronic and acute injuries commonly seen in sport. Here is an overview of the many ways to use essential oils to keep any athlete interested in natural health and fitness performing their best.

The Foundation of Aromatherapy in Sport - The Pre and Post Exertion Massage: Even if you don’t have a team of massage therapists traveling with you a-la Lance Armstrong, you can still benefit from easy-to-use massage formulas before and after workouts and competition. The pre and post sports formulas utilize these essential oils - Eucalyptus, which aids breathing, de-congests, invigorates and relieves pain; Lavender, with anti-inflammatory effects, relieves pain, relaxes spasms, and brings mental calm without sedation; Rosemary relieves pain, stimulates the mind and body, and has a warming effect on the muscles; Juniper Berry, used in the post-exercise formula, detoxifies and helps eliminate lactic acid from muscles; and Sweet Marjoram which helps relieve cramping in over-exerted muscles.

Example massage blends for pre- and post-exercise: For before exercise and competition, give a gentle rub to the entire body (or just the critical appendages, if so desired) with a blend containing eight drops of Rosemary, four drops Lavender and four drops of Eucalyptus oil in each ounce of ‘base’ oil (Sweet Almond oil is the most common of all oils used in massage). The massage should be vigorous enough to get the blood flowing but not so deep as to provoke pain in any way - generally, quick, light strokes are used. For the post-exercise rub, try a blend including eight drops of Lavender, four drops of Juniper Berry and four drops of Marjoram per ounce of base oil. Stronger, longer strokes are used, moving toward the heart or center of the body. The post-exercise rub can certainly be deeper, but care should be taken not to cause further inflammation in very sore or tight areas - work on these more deeply when the body has had a day or two to recover. Also, you can adjust the concentration of oils to suit your particular tastes and body’s response; in general, higher concentrations of essential oils will be stimulating, and lower ones will be relaxing.

Aromatherapy oils can be used during pre and post exercise baths and showers as well, using the same oils and blends mentioned above. Oils can be added directly to bathwater (after the bath is filled) where they will be well-absorbed over the entire body. Before showers, essential oils can be applied undiluted to the body; this is particularly advised post-exertion to support the elimination of metabolic wastes. Try one drop each of Rosemary, Lemon and Eucalyptus. A massage oil blend as described earlier should be used after a shower or bath when the pores are open. Choose a stimulating or relaxing mix depending on your needs.

When the athlete is in need of more dramatic healing, essential oils can also offer significant support. Injuries both minor and major are common in many sports. While serious injuries should always receive proper medical attention, essential oils can aid in pain relief and healing in almost all cases. Many essential oils are well-known for their anti-inflammatory action, their antiseptic properties, and some contain compounds that signal the body’s tissues to regenerate faster. The aroma of these oils are also often stress-relieving, which can further support the healing process.

For treating common bruises, strains and sprains, the most important and effective essential oil is Helichrysum. This essential oil has an incredible synergy of properties for healing of injuries accompanied by inflammation - the molecules in its makeup are pain relieving, anti-inflammatory and regenerative. It has been noted by one author as “practically a wonder cure” when used for injuries so often incurred by athletes. Further, it is an excellent choice for overall health, wellness and fitness, as there are no known side effects which can occur with pharmaceutical preparations for pain and inflammation. To use Helichrysum, simply place a small amount of the oil on the bruised area, either undiluted, or for larger areas or frequent applications, dilute to 10 or 20% in a carrier oil such as Jojoba. Relief is often quick, and injuries that may have otherwise taken many days to heal have been significantly improved in only a day or two. A blend of Helichrysum and Jojoba can also be used for chronic injuries such as tendonitis - simply massage a small amount into the affected area a few times a day.

Athletes of all ages playing hard will often incur minor cuts and scrapes. Essential oils have a broad range of antibiotic effects, and can prevent infection while speeding wound healing. Tea Tree oil, an essential oil distilled from a plant long used by native Australians for its healing properties, is highly effective antimicrobial properties. Lavender essential oil, distilled from the plant’s flowering tops, is anti-inflammatory and regenerative. Together, they make a wonderful topical treatment for athletes of all ages. Blend the two oils together in equal parts and apply directly to cuts and scrapes after the wound has been properly cleansed. - if this is too strong a blend, simply apply a drop or two to the gauze portion of a band-aid and cover the wound for the same effect. The blend can be applied again whenever the dressing is changed. These essential oils are widely available in health food stores.

Other than the direct sports-related uses of essential oils, the overall health and fitness of any athlete should be supported for top performance. During periods of especially strenuous training or competition, athletes may be particularly susceptible to infectious illnesses - colds, flu and the like. Diffusing Eucalyptus, Thyme, Tea Tree and/or Lemon in your home can reduce the chance of illness, or the spread of colds. Niaouli essential oil, a relative of Eucalyptus, is also an excellent oil for supporting the immune system. The oil is recommended to be applied neat all over the body after showers for best absorption and effect (use 10-20 drops). A strong immune system goes a long way to keeping an athlete happy and in top form.

This is a brief overview of many common applications of aromatherapy for supporting the health, fitness and performance of any athlete. There are a great many essential oils available with similar properties that may work better for some individuals. Such is the nature of aromatherapy - if a particular aroma or oil is appealing, it will probably be helpful at that time; if the aroma is too intense or offensive, it may be over stimulating or otherwise incompatible with the body chemistry at that time. With a little research and experimentation, one can certainly find a place for the natural healing powers of essential oils in their sports and fitness program!